Ubutumwa bwa Nyirubutungane Papa Fransisiko mu gihe cyo kwizihiza ku nshuro ya 50 umunsi w’amahoro ku isi yose.
Itariki ya 1 Mutarama 2017
1. Mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka mushya, nifurije byimazeyo amahoro abatuye ibihugu byose by’isi. Amahoro ku bayobozi ba za Leta na za Guverinoma, ku bayobozi b’amadini atandukanye no ku bayobozi b’imiryango idashingiye kuri Leta, iharanira inyungu rusange. Ndifuriza amahoro buri muntu: abagabo, abagore n’abana. Ndifuza ko buri wese yabona ishusho y’Imana muri mugenzi we. Duharanire kubungabunga « agaciro ka muntu » [1] cyane cyane muri ibi bihe hirya no hino hagaragara amakimbirane, kandi kurwanya inabi dukoresha ineza tubigire umuco ugenga imibanire yacu.
Ngubwo ubutumwa bw’uyu Munsi Mpuzamahanga w’Amahoro ku Isi yose, umunsi twizihiza ku nshuro ya mirongo itanu. Mu butumwa bwatanzwe mu kwizihiza uwo munsi ku nshuro ya mbere, umuhire Papa Pawulo wa VI yabwiye abatuye Isi yose ko « byagaragaye ko amahoro ari yo nzira yonyine kandi y’ukuri y’iterambere rya muntu (aho kuba ubushyamirane buturuka mu gushyira imbere inyungu bwite z’ibihugu, intambara zo kwigarurira ibihugu, cyangwa se ibikorwa byo kurandurana n’imizi abo mutavuga rumwe) ». Umuhire Papa Pawulo wa VI yasabaga abantu kwirinda « ingaruka mbi ziterwa no kutemera ko ibibazo hagati y’ibihugu bishobora gukemurwa binyuze mu biganiro bishingiye ku burenganzira bwa buri wese, ubutabera no gukurikiza amategeko. Yagayaga abibwira ko ibibazo byakemurwa hakoreshejwe ingufu zibiba mu bantu ubwoba n’ubwicanyi ». Yanabigarutseho kandi ashimangira amagambo y’uwamubanjirije, Mutagatifu Papa Yohani wa XXIII mu nyandiko ye yise Amahoro ku Isi (Pacem in terris) aho avuga ko ari ngombwa guharanira amahoro « ashingiye ku kuri, ubutabera, ukwishyira ukizana n’urukundo » [2]. Nyuma y’imyaka mirongo itanu aya magambo aracyafite agaciro n’uburemere bwayo. Abatuye Isi bakwiye gukomeza kuyaziririkana no kuyubakiraho.
Kuri uyu munsi, ndifuza kwibanda ku kurwanya inabi hakoreshejwe ineza nk’uburyo nyabwo bwo kubaka amahoro, kandi ndasaba Imana ngo idufashe twese tubigereho, dufashijwe n’imbaraga z’umutima n’indangagaciro buri wese yifitemo. Urukundo rwa kivandimwe no kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza ni byo bikwiye kuyobora imibanire y’abantu, haba hagati yabo, mu miryango bakomokamo, ndetse no hagati y’ibihugu. Abagirirwa inabi iyo bashoboye kwihangana ntibagwe mu gishuko cyo kwihorera, bashobora kuba abantu bizewe mu kubaka amahoro arambye. Ndifuza ko mu nzego zose, mu buzima bwa buri munsi, guhera mu ngo kugeza ku rwego rw’isi, kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza byaranga uburyo bukoreshwa mu gufata ibyemezo, mu mibanire yacu, mu bikorwa byacu na mu miyoborere y’ibihugu!
Amacakubiri aragaragara mu Isi yacu
2. Ikinyejana gishize cyaranzwe n’intambara ebyiri z’isi zoretse imbaga; habayeho kandi kwikanga buri gihe intambara kirimbuzi ikoreshejwe intwaro z’ubumara, tutibagiwe amakimbirane menshi yaranze ibihugu. Muri ibi bihe turimo, intambara y’isi yose yafashe isura y’imirwano n’amakimbirane by’urudaca bigaragara hirya no hino ku isi. Ntibyoroshye kumenya niba muri iki gihe amakimbirane yariyongereye cyangwa yaragabanutse kurenza mu bihe byashize. Ntibyoroshye no kumenya niba uburyo bw’ingendo n’itumanaho bigezweho bituma tubona ubukana bw’inabi iriho cyangwa niba bituma tugenda turushaho kuyimenyera.
Ibyo aribyo byose, ibikorwa bihutaza byiganje hirya no hino, mu buryo bwinshi no ku nzego zinyuranye, bikurura imibabaro igaragarira buri wese : intambara mu bihugu byinshi no ku migabane inyuranye y’isi, iterabwoba, ubwicanyi, ibitero n’ubundi bugizi bwa nabi ; hari kandi n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abimukira, inabi ishingiye ku icuruzwa ry’abantu ndetse no kwangiza ibidukikije ku buryo bukabije. Ibyo bizatumarira iki ? Ese hari ikiza kirambye iyo nabi izatugezaho ? Ese hari indi nyungu irimo itari ugukurura ibikorwa byo kwihimura n’intambara z’urudaca, zihitana ubuzima bw’abantu ? Ese hari undi ugira icyo asaruramo uretse ba « gashozantambara » ?
Ibikorwa bihutaza si wo muti w’amacakubiri mu bantu. Kurwanya inabi hakoreshejwe ibikorwa bihutaza bituma abantu bava mu byabo bagahunga. Ibyo bikaganisha ku mibabaro irenze urugero, kubera ko umutungo w’ibihugu ushorwa mu kugura intwaro aho gukoreshwa mu bigamije icyateza imbere abantu. Uwo mutungo wagombye gufasha mu iterambere ry’urubyiruko, mu gutabara imiryango iri mu ngorane, abageze mu zabukuru, abarwayi, kandi aba ni bo bagize igice kinini cy’abatuye isi. Uretse imibabaro twavuze ahabanza, ibikorwa bihutaza bishobora kuba intandaro y’urupfu rusanzwe hamwe n’urwa roho ku bantu benshi ndetse bikaba byanahitana abatuye Isi yose.
Inkuru Nziza ya Yezu
3. No mu gihe cya Yezu, ibikorwa bihutaza byabagaho. Mu nyigisho ze Yezu yagaragaje ko ikibi n’icyiza birwanira mu mutima w’umuntu: « Mu mutima w’umuntu, ni ho haturuka imigambi mibi » (Mk 7, 21). Kuri iyi ngingo Yezu atubwira imyitwarire ikwiye kuturanga: atwigisha ubutaretsa urukundo rutagira umupaka, atwigisha gukunda abatwanga no gusabira abadutoteza (Reba Mt 5, 44), kutihorera no kudashyamirana n’umugiranabi, icyo yise “gutega undi musaya” (Mt 5, 39). Igihe yeretse abashakaga kwicisha umugore wari wafashwe asambana ko bidakwiye kumutera amabuye (reba Yh 8, 1-11) n’igihe yari araye ari budupfire, agasaba Petero gusubiza inkota mu rwubati (reba Mt 26, 52), Yezu yerekanye atyo inzira nyayo yo kurwanya inabi: kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza. Iyo nzira ni yo yanyuzemo kugera ku ndunduro, adupfira ku musaraba, ari na wo yakoresheje ngo agarure amahoro mu bantu kandi atsembe inzangano zose ku Isi (reba Ef 2, 14-16). Niyo mpamvu umuntu wakira Inkuru Nziza ya Yezu adatinda kubona ibikorwa n’ibitekerezo by’ ihutaza byari bimutuyemo maze akiringira gukizwa n’Impuhwe z’Imana. Bityo na we agahinduka, akemera kuba intumwa y’ubwiyunge mu bantu, nk’uko Mutagatifu Faransisiko w’Asizi abivuga atya: « Amahoro mwamamaza ku rurimi, nimurusheho kuyatunga mu mitima yanyu » [3].
Kuba intumwa nyazo za Yezu muri iki igihe, bivuga kwiyemeza kugendera mu nzira yaduhitiyemo yo kurwanya inabi hakoreshejwe ineza. Nk’uko Papa Benedigito wa XVI yabivuze, iyo nzira ni Inzira « nyayo kandi ikwiye, kubera ko mu Isi hagaragara inabi nyinshi n’akarengane gakabije ; bityo kugira ngo abantu barenge inabi kandi bayirandure, bakwiye guha Isi icyo isonzeye nyabyo: urukundo n’ubuntu bishyitse bikomoka ku Mana » [4]. Ibyo kandi yabishimangiye agira ati: « Ku bakristu, kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza ntibiri mu rwego rw’ubwenge bwo kwikura mu kibazo, ahubwo ni yo kamere yabo. Ni imyitwarire iranga uwemera urukundo rw’Imana n’ububasha bwayo, udatinya guhangana n’ikibi akoresheje intwaro y’urukundo n’iy’ukuri gusa. Gukunda abanzi bacu ni ryo pfundo ry’impinduka ubukristu bwamamaza mu bantu » [5]. Ivanjiri yo gukunda abanzi bacu (reba Lk 6, 27) yafashwe nk’«umurongo ngenderwaho w’abakristu muri iyo nzira yo kurandura inabi hakoreshejejwe ineza »; ibyo ntibivuga « kwemera kugirirwa nabi urebera […] ahubwo bivuga ko inabi ititurwa indi, ko ahubwo ineza ari yo itsinda inabi (reba Rom 12, 17-21) mu rugamba rwo guca ingoyi z’akarengane » [6].
Ineza irusha inabi imbaraga
4. Kwitura ineza uwakugiriye nabi, hari ubwo byumvikana nk’aho ari ugutsindwa burundu cyangwa ubugwari, ariko mu by’ukuri si ko bimeze. Mu gihe Mama Tereza yakiraga Igihembo cy’Amahoro mu mwaka w’ 1979, hari icyo yavuze ku bijyanye no gukoresha ineza mu kurwanya inabi: « Mu miryango yacu ntidukeneye ibisasu bya kirimbuzi n’intwaro zo gusenya ngo tubashe kubaka amahoro; dukeneye gusa gushyira hamwe, dukeneye ko buri wese akunda mugenzi we […]. Ni bwo tuzashobora kurwanya no gutsinda ikibi cyose kuri iyi si » [7]. Mu by’ukuri, kwizera imbaraga zishingiye ku ntwaro ni ukwibeshya. « Mu gihe abacuruza intwaro bakomeje uwo murimo wabo; hari abandi bantu mu bushobozi buke bwabo, biyemeje kubaka amahoro bitwaje ineza, bafasha abandi umwe umwe, gahoro gahoro, byaba ngombwa ntibatinye gutanga n’ubuzima bwabo ». Muri uwo mugambi, Mama Tereza yatubera «intangarugero n’intangamugabo ko n’ubu bishoboka » [8]. Muri Nzeri uyu mwaka, nishimiye gutangaza ko ashyizwe mu rwego rw’abatagatifu. Icyo gihe nagarutse ku bwitange yagiriraga abantu bose mu « kwakira no kurengera ubuzima bw’ikiremwa muntu, ubw’abana bataravuka, n’ubw’abandi bantu batereranwe cyangwa banzwe n’ababo. […]
Mama Tereza yitaga no ku mbabare zitagira kivurira zapfiraga ku mihanda. Ibyo akabikora kuko yabonaga muri buri muntu agaciro yahawe n’Imana. Mama Tereza kandi ntiyahwemye kwibutsa abategetsi b’iyi si ko bagomba kwemera ko amakosa yabo ari yo ntandaro y’amakuba yose aterwa n’ubukene ku Isi » [9]. Mu guha igisubizo ibyo bibazo, Mama Tereza yakoze ubutumwa bwo kugoboka no kwitangira abazira inabi n’akarengane, akora ibikorwa bigamije komora ibikomere by’iyo nabi, no kubasubiza agaciro bakwiye.
Gushyira imbaraga mu kurwanya inabi hakoreshejwe ineza byatanze umusaruro mwiza ahantu henshi. Ibyagezweho muri urwo rwego ni byinshi kandi ntibizigera byibagirana: twavuga nka Mahatma Ghandhi (Mahatuma Gandi) hamwe na Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Kani Abudulu Gafari Kani) mu nzira yo kubohora Ubuhindi; cyangwa Martin Luther King Jr (Maritini Luteri Kingi muto) mu kurwanya ivangura rishingiye ku ibara ry’uruhu muri Amerika. Ku buryo bw’umwihariko, abategarugori ni bo bakunze kugaragara cyane mu bikorwa byo kurandura inabi bakoresheje ineza. Aha twavuga nka Leymah Gbowee (Leyima Gobowe) hamwe n’abandi bategarugori bo muri Liberiya biyemeje gukoresha amasengesho n’imyigaragambyo y’amahoro bagamije kurwanya intambara yari mu gihugu cyabo cya Liberiya, bityo baza kwemererwa imishyikirano ku rwego rwo hejuru, yabagejeje ku irangizwa ry’iyo ntambara ya kabiri yashyamiranyaga abaturage ba Liberiya.
Ntidushobora kandi kwirengagiza ibyakozwe kugira ngo ubutegetsi bwa gikomunisiti mu bihugu by’i Burayi busenyuke. Mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi, abakristu bashyize imbere isengesho rihoraho riherekejwe n’ibikorwa by’ubwitange. Muri ibyo byose, Mutagatifu Yohani Paulo wa II, mu murimo we wa gitumwa, yabigizemo uruhare rudasanzwe. Papa Benedigito wa XVI, mu kuzirikana ku byabaye mu mwaka w’1989, ahereye ku ibaruwa yo mu 1991 yitwa “Imyaka ijana ishize” (Centesimus annus) yashimangiye ko mu buzima bw’abaturage, ubw’ibihugu ubwabyo n’ubwa za Leta, impinduka nyazo zanditse amateka meza zagezweho « mu guharanira uburenganzira bw’abantu mu mahoro, hifashishwa gusa intwaro z’ukuri n’ubutabera » [10].
Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke « abantu biyemeje gukoresha ineza mu kurwanya inabi bituma abari banze kurekura ubutegetsi hakoreshejwe intambara babona ukuri ». Papa Benedigito wa XVI arangiza agira, ati: « Iyaba abantu bamenyaga guharanira ubutabera banyuze mu nzira z’amahoro, bakazinukwa guhangana mu nzego barimo muri sosiyete, bakirinda kandi intambara igihe havutse amakimbirane hagati y’ibihugu! » [11].
Kiliziya yiyemeje guharanira gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza kugira ngo yimakaze umuco w’amahoro mu bihugu byinshi. Muri urwo rwego ihamagarira abahutaza abandi ku buryo bukabije kwisubiraho no guhindura uburyo bakoresha kugira ngo bubake amahoro nyayo kandi arambye. Uko kwitangira inzirakarengane si umwihariko wa Kiliziya gatolika, ahubwo ibisangiye n’andi madini yemera ko « impuhwe no kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza ari ngombwa kandi ari yo nzira iganisha ku buzima » [12]. Nongeye kuvuga nkomeje: « Nta yobokamana rishingiye ku iterabwoba ribaho » [13]. Gukoresha inabi uvuga ko ugamije icyiza ni ugusuzuguza izina ry’Imana [14]. Ntituzahwema kubisubiramo « nta na rimwe izina ry’Imana rishobora kwifashishwa mu gusobanura impamvu y’ibikorwa bibi. Nta ntambara ntagatifu ibaho! Amahoro yonyine ni yo matagatifu» [15].
Uburyo bwo kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza bufite imizi mu ngo
5. Niba inkomoko y’inabi iri mu mutima wa muntu, birakwiye ko kwitoza kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza byatangirira mu ngo, mu muryango. Iki ni kimwe mu bitera ibyishimo tubonera mu rukundo nk’uko nabigaragaje mu ibaruwa ya gishumba nise “Ibyishimo by’Urukundo” (Amoris Laetitia) nanditse nyuma y’urugendo rw’imyaka ibiri Kiliziya izirikana ku ruhare rwayo mu kubaka umuryango. Mu muryango ni ho abashakanye, ababyeyi n’abana ndetse n’abavandimwe bigira kuganira no gusabana; bakahitoreza uburyo umuntu yita kuri mugenzi we nta nyungu akurikiranye; hakaba kandi ari naho amahane ndetse n’amakimbirane bishakirwa ibisubizo hadakoreshejwe ingufu, ahubwo binyuze mu biganiro, mu bwubahane, mu gushakira mugenzi wawe ikiri icyiza, mu kugira mpuhwe no mu gutanga imbabazi [16]. Bitangiriye mu muryango, ibyishimo by’urukundo bisakara ku Isi bikanatanga urumuri mu bantu bose [17]. Ikindi kandi ubuvandimwe n’ukubana mu mahoro hagati y’abantu ubwabo no hagati y’abatuye ibihugu ntibishobora gushingira ku bwoba, ku ihutaza n’ukwikanyiza, ahubwo bishingira ku kwita ku cyo buri wese ashinzwe, ku kubahana no ku kuganira nta buryarya. Kubera izo mpamvu, ndahamagarira abantu kwirinda inzira y’intambara, nkanasaba nkomeje ko intwaro za kirimbuzi zacika burundu. Mu by’ukuri gutera abandi ubwoba hakoreshejwe intwaro za kirimbuzi, no guhiga ubutwari hagati y’ibihugu ntibishobora kubaka ubuvandimwe n’amahoro mu bantu [18]. Ndasaba kandi ko ihohotera rikorerwa mu ngo n’irikorerwa abagore n’abana ryahagarara burundu.
Umwaka wa Yubile y’Impuhwe wasojwe mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo umwaka ushize, waduhamagariraga kwikebuka tukareba mu nkebe z’imitima yacu maze tukareka impuhwe z’Imana zikinjiramo. Umwaka wa Yubile y’Impuhwe wadufashije kandi kumenya ko hari abantu bo mu byiciro binyuranye batagira kivurira, n’abandi benshi bazira akarengane n’inabi ya muntu. Abo na bo ni abavandimwe bacu dusangiye « umuryango ».
Niyo mpamvu ingamba zo kurandura inabi n’akarengane hakoreshejwe ineza zigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa duhereye iwacu mu ngo, zikabona gusakara mu muryango wose. « Urugero rwa Mutagatifu Tereza wa Lisieux (Liziye) ruduhamagarira kunyura mu nzira ngufi y’urukundo, duha agaciro ijambo ryiza, inseko nziza, n’ikindi cyose n’iyo cyaba ari gito cyane cyafasha mu kubiba amahoro n’ubucuti mu bantu. Ubuzima bwa muntu bushingira ku bikorwa bito bya buri munsi bifasha umuntu kuzinukwa ibitekerezo n’ibikorwa bihutaza abandi, ibibapyinagaza n’ibishyira imbere ubwironde n’ubwikunde » [19].
Ibikwiye kwitabwaho
6. Kubaka amahoro hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kurwanya inabi hakoreshwa ineza ni ngombwa kandi ni bwo buryo Kiliziya yigisha ikanabushishikariza abatuye Isi, kugira ngo ice ikoreshwa ry’imbaraga zisenya. Ibyo ibigeraho yifashishije inyigisho zigamije imyitwarire myiza, initabira ibikorwa bitegurwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga. Ibikesha kandi umusanzu n’ubwitange bw’abakristu mu ishyirwaho ry’amategeko mu nzego zinyuranye. Yezu ubwe, adutoza inzira yo kubaka amahoro mu nyigisho yatangiye ku Musozi. Mu ngingo umunani z’interahirwe (Reba Mt 5, 3-10) aduha ishusho y’umuntu nyawe twavuga ko yageze ku ihirwe n’ ibyishimo by’ukuri. Aragira ati: “Hahirwa abiyoroshya, abagira impuhwe, abatera amahoro, abakeye ku mutima, abasonzeye ubutungane kandi bakabugirira inyota.
Iyi ni gahunda itoroshye ku bategetsi b’ibihugu n’ab’ayobozi b’amadini, ku bakuriye imiryango mpuzamahanga, no ku bayobozi b’ibigo by’ubucuruzi n’iby’itangazamakuru ku Isi hose. Kubahiriza ingingo nterahirwe igihe buri wese ashyira mu ngiro inshingano ze, ni umugambi utoroshye ku bakuriye abandi bagamije kuba inkunzi z’amahoro mu kubaka umuryango w’abantu. Ntibyoroshye ku banaharanira kugaragariza impuhwe buri wese, mu kwita ku bidukikije kandi bashaka kubigeraho n’imbaraga zabo zose. Bisaba kuba umuntu yiteguye « kwihanganira amakimbirane, kuyakemura no kuyahinduramo intango y’urugendo rushyashya » [20]. Gukora kuri ubwo buryo bisaba ko umuntu yemera ubufatanye nk’uburyo bwo kwandika amateka mashya no kubaka urukundo mu bantu. Kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza ni uburyo bugaragaza ko ubumwe bukomeye kandi bugeza ku cyiza kurusha amakimbirane. Ibiri ku Isi byose bifitanye isano [21]. Ni byo koko, hari igihe ibyo dutandukaniyeho bishobora gukurura amahane, ariko dukwiye kuyakemura mu mahoro twirinda guteza andi makimbirane, maze « kutabona ibintu kimwe bikatugeza ku bumwe n’ubwuzuzanye, ari na byo bibyara ubuzima bushya », bitabaye ngombwa ko hagira utakaza ibyiza yifitemo [22].
Kiliziya Gatolika ntizahwema gushyigikira gahunda iyo ari yo yose igamije kubaka amahoro, harimo n’iyo guhagurukira kurandura inabi hakoreshejwe ineza.
Ku iyi tariki ya 1 Mutarama 2017 i Roma harafungurwa ibiro bya Papa bishinwe iterambere ryuzuye rya muntu, bikazanafasha Kiliziya kurushaho guteza imbere « ubutabera, amahoro no kubungabunga ibyaremwe », kwita ku bibazo by’abimukira, « abakeneye ubufasha, abarwayi n’abahejwe mu burenganzira bwabo, abahabwa akato n’abo intambara n’ibiza bikomeye byasize iheruheru, imfungwa, ababuze akazi, abakoreshwa imirimo y’ubucakara n’abakorerwa iyicarubozo » [23]. Igikorwa cyose kigana muri icyo cyerekezo, n’ubwo bwose cyaba ari gito, gifite akamaro mu kubaka Isi itarangwamo inabi n’akarengane, ikaba ari yo ntambwe ya mbere igana ku butabera n’amahoro.
Umwanzuro
7. Nk’uko bisanzwe bigenda, nshyize umukono kuri ubu butumwa ku wa 8 Ukuboza, Umunsi Mukuru wa Bikira Mariya utasamanywe icyaha. Mariya ni Umwamikazi w’Amahoro. Igihe Umwana we avutse, Abamarayika bakujije Imana bifuriza amahoro abatuye isi, (reba Lk 2, 14). Dusabe uwo Mubyeyi kutubera umuyobozi.
« Twese dukeneye amahoro ; hari abantu benshi bayubaka buri munsi mu bikorwa bito bito ; benshi muri bo banyura mu mibabaro bakayihanganira bagamije kugera kuri iyo ntego» [24]. Nimucyo muri uyu mwaka wa 2017, mu isengesho no mu bikorwa, twiyemeze guhinduka abantu basezereye mu bitekerezo, mu magambo no mu bikorwa inabi n’akarengane. Dufate ingamba zo kubaka imiryango itarangwamo inabi n’akarengane muri iyi Si dusangiye. « Nta cyatunanira niba twitabaje Imana mu isengesho. Twese dushobora kuba abubatsi b’amahoro » [25].
Bikorewe i Vatikani, kuwa 8 Ukuboza 2016
Franciscus
(Byashyizwe mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda na Komisiyo ya y’Ubutabera n’Amahoro, CEJP)
IBYIFASHISHIJWE (mu rurimi rw’igifaransa)
1) Exhort. ap. Evangelii gaudium, n. 228.
1) Message pour la célébration de la 1ère Journée de la Paix, 1er janvier 1968.
1) « Légende des trois compagnons », n. 58, Sources franciscaines, Cerf/Éditions franciscaines, 2010, p. 1146.
1) Angelus, 18 février 2007.
1) Ibid.
1) Ibid.
1) Mère Térésa, Discours pour le Prix Nobel, 11 décembre 1979.
1) Méditation « La route de la paix », Chapelle de la Domus Sanctae Marthae,19 novembre 2015.
1) Homélie pour la canonisation de la bienheureuse Mère Térésa de Calcutta, 4septembre 2016.
1) N. 23.
1) Ibid.
1) Discours lors de l’Audience interreligieuse, 3 novembre 2016.
1) Discours à la 3ème Rencontre mondiale des mouvements populaires, 5 novembre 2016.
1) Cf. Discours lors de la Rencontre avec le Cheikh des Musulmans du Caucase et avec des Représentants des autres communautés religieuses,
Bakou, 2 octobre 2016.
1) Discours, Assise, 20 septembre 2016.
1) Cf. Exhort. ap. postsyn. Amoris laetitia, nn. 90130.
1) Cf. Ibid., nn. 133.194.234.
1) Cf. Message à l’occasion de la Conférence sur l’impact humanitaire des armes nucléaires, 7 décembre 2014.
1) Lett. enc. Laudato si’, n. 230.
1) Exhort. ap. Evangelii gaudium, n. 227.
1) Cf. Lett. enc. Laudato si’, nn. 16.117.138.
1) Exhort. ap. Evangelii gaudium, n. 228.
1) Lettre apostolique sous forme de ‘‘Motu proprio’’ par laquelle est institué le Dicastère pour le Service du Développement humain intégral, 17 août 2016.
1) Regina Caeli, Bethléem, 25 mai 2014.
1) Appel, Assise, 20 septembre 2016.